樂府有「春蠶不應老,晝夜常懷絲。」「桑蠶不作繭,晝夜長懸絲。」這裡的「絲」便是「思」;「奈何不可言! 朝看暮牛跡,知是宿蹄痕。」這裡的「蹄痕」,便是「啼痕」;「三更書石闕,憶子夜啼碑」的「啼碑」便是「啼悲」之意;「千夜紅芙蓉,照灼綠水邊。餘花任郎摘,慎莫罷儂蓮。」這裡的「蓮」便是「憐」;而「仰頭看桐樹,桐花特可憐。願天無霜雪,梧子解千年。」這裡的「梧子」便是「吾子」。
以上都是「雙關語」。
詩可用雙關語,國畫亦是如此。例如: 畫兩個柿子,便是「事事如意」;畫瓶子、大象,便是「太平有象」;畫竹子配上瓶子,便是「竹報平安」;如果畫石榴,則可寓意「宜男多子」。
以上只是略舉數例而已,其他還有:
富貴如意——牡丹+如意
富貴白頭——牡丹+白頭翁
富貴有餘——牡丹+鯉魚
富貴平安——牡丹+瓶子OR竹子
喜上眉稍——梅花+喜鵲
雙喜臨門——兩隻喜鵲
一世清廉——花青的蓮花
一路平安——鹿+竹子
馬上封侯——馬+猴
年年有餘——蓮花+鯉魚
松鶴延年——松+鶴
等等。
至於此圖,名為〈蟠桃綬帶千年壽〉,乃因綬帶鳥的「綬」與「壽」同音,而桃子在中國神話中, 和祝壽及延年益壽脫離不了關係,因此將兩者安排在一起, 便成了「祝壽」的好題材,屬華人喜愛的吉祥畫。
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國畫的用色、用墨都得講究層次,就算上彩,一片葉子也得講究陰陽向背及濃淡等變化。但拍照後,和原稿會有出入,以故較難察覺出葉子有何可觀處。
BBC Documentary A Year In Tibet EP05 A Tale of Three Monks english/chinese subtitles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iv4FDY58T4 Chanting prayers is central to a monk’s daily life and they start before dawn. A young monk has died suddenly and Tsultrim has to organize the funeral, just another of his many responsibilities. The horn announces that out colleague has passed away and tells the monks to assemble and pray for him tomorrow. It’s used to summon monks for special events. This is going to be Tsephum’s first sky burial. It’s the morning of the ceremony and the sky burial master is ready to receive the body. For the dead, the soul has gone. Tibetans don’t bury or cremate their dead. The body is given to vultures. For Tibetan people it’s all about accumulating merit. It’s a dangerous time between death and rebirth. Buddhists believe it can take up to seven weeks for the soul of the deceased to be reborn. The relatives asked us not to film the real ceremony. They feared the soul of the dead monk could become too interested in the filming process and delay his departure to the next life. We talk and laugh when we work. Being cheerful makes the passage easier for the dead. Family members don’t come to the ceremony. Their grief would hold back the soul and slow down its journey to the next life. The sky burial master is skilled at dissecting the body. Unless you do a proper job the vultures won’t eat the remains. You mince it like dumpling fillings. (要像剁餃子餡那樣剁碎) We feed them bone and cartilage first because its hard to eat. And finally (先餵它们骨頭和軟骨. 接下是內臟.) And finally flesh, the best meat. The vultures fly away immediately after finishing the best meat.
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